Macknade Mill
Macknade Sugar Mill
| Macknade Sugar Mill | |
|---|---|
|
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| Location | |
| Coordinates | 18.58893° S, 146.25890° E |
| State | Queensland |
| Region | Herbert River |
| LGA | Hichinbrook Shire Council |
| Details | |
| Established | 1873 (153 years ago) |
| Owner | Wilmar Sugar Australia |
| Gauge | 610 mm (2 ft) |
| Annual Crush | 1.5 million tonnes (approx) |
Macknade Mill holds the distinction of being the oldest continuously operating raw sugar mill in Queensland. Situated on the banks of the Herbert River, it has played a central role in the development of the Ingham district and the Australian sugar industry for over 150 years.
History
The origins of the mill trace back to 1871 when the Neame brothers selected land on the banks of the Herbert River. They named their property Macknade after a family home in Kent, England.
Early Operations (1873 to 1896) The Neame brothers constructed the original mill, which commenced its first crush in 1873. This early machinery was primitive by modern standards but established the viability of cane growing in the wet tropical climate of the Herbert River valley.
In 1882, the property was sold to the Melbourne-based firm Fanning & Co. However, the new owners encountered financial difficulties during the economic downturns of the 1880s. Consequently, the Neame brothers resumed control of the estate in 1887 and continued operations.
The CSR Era (1897 to 2010) A significant turning point occurred in 1897 when the Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR) purchased the mill. CSR possessed the capital and technical expertise required to modernise the facility. Under CSR ownership, Macknade ceased to operate as a plantation mill (where the mill owner grows the cane) and transitioned to the central mill system, processing cane from independent local growers.
Throughout the 20th century, the mill underwent extensive upgrades to increase crushing capacity and efficiency. This period also saw the expansion of the cane railway network, replacing river transport and horse-drawn drays.
Modern Ownership (2010 to Present) In 2010, the sugar division of CSR (known as Sucrogen) was acquired by Wilmar International. The mill is now operated by Wilmar Sugar Australia. In 2023, Macknade celebrated its 150th year of operation, marking a century and a half of continuous sugar production.
Infrastructure and Operations
Milling Macknade acts as one of two mills in the Herbert River district, the other being the Victoria Mill located east of Ingham. Macknade is the smaller of the two but remains a high-capacity factory. It employs a single milling train and processes cane 24 hours a day during the crushing season (typically June to November).
Transport The mill is serviced by an extensive 610 mm gauge tramway network that connects farms throughout the northern section of the Herbert River district. The network is integrated with the Victoria Mill system, allowing for the transfer of cane and locomotives between the two sites if required.
Raw sugar produced at Macknade is transported by rail to the Lucinda Bulk Sugar Terminal for export.
Crushing Statistics
The mill typically processes approximately 1.5 million tonnes of sugarcane annually, producing around 190,000 tonnes of raw sugar.
Below are recent statistics for the Herbert Region (combined figures for Macknade and Victoria mills, as they are often reported jointly due to their integrated network).
- Average Annual Crush (Macknade only): 1.5 million tonnes
- Average Sugar Production (Macknade only): 191,000 tonnes
- 2024 Season (Herbert Region Total): 3.84 million tonnes crushed (12.38 CCS)
- 2023 Season (Herbert Region Total): 3.99 million tonnes crushed (13.02 CCS)
- 2022 Season (Herbert Region Total): 4.35 million tonnes crushed
Location
Rollingstock
| Name | Builder | Model | Serial | Year | Current Mill | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | Clyde | HG-3R | 65-383 | 1965 | Out of service | Shell at Victoria Mill near diesel line |
| 12 | Clyde | HG-3R | 65-434 | 1965 | Macknade Mill | |
| 14 | E.M. Baldwin | DH18A | 6-2490-1-7-68 | 1968 | Macknade Mill | |
| 16 | Clyde | DHI | DHI.1 | 1954 | Macknade Mill | Confirmed at Macknade |
| 19 | E.M. Baldwin | DH24B Mk5A | 7070-3-4-77 | 1977 | Victoria Mill | Express train |
| 20 | E.M. Baldwin | DH24B Mk5A | 7070-4-4-77 | 1977 | Macknade Mill | |
| 4 | Motor Rail | 32/42hp | 10232 | 1951 | Out of service | Stored at Macknade Mill |
| Hobart | E.M. Baldwin | DH18 Mk2 | 44-13-1-7-72 | 1972 | Macknade Mill | |
| Darwin | E.M. Baldwin | DH24B Mk1 | 6171-1-9-75 | 1975 | Macknade | Transferred to Kalamia 2024. Back to Macknade for 2025 |
| Homebush II | E.M. Baldwin | DH24B Mk5 | 6400-1-4-76 | 1976 | Macknade Mill | Due to return to Victoria Mill for 2026 |
| Townsville II | E.M. Baldwin | DH24B Mk5 | 6400-2-4-76 | 1976 | Macknade Mill | Sent to Macknade to replace 14 after derailment |
| Selkirk | E.M. Baldwin | DH26B Mk4 | 6750-1-9-76 | 1976 | Macknade Mill | |
| 2 | Motor Rail | 4wDM | 3710 | Out of service | ||
| 3 | Motor Rail | 4wDM | 3365 | Out of service | ||
| M1 | Hansen | 2-2wPMR | TBA-10 | Out of service | ||
| M2 | Hansen | 2-2wPMR | TBA-11 | Out of service |